Women’s role in orthopedic and trauma surgery in Colombia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58814/01208845.10Keywords:
Orthopedics, Medical residency, Gender inequality, Gender Studies, SexismAbstract
Introduction. Over the years, a significant gender gap has been observed in the orthopedics and trauma specialty. This gap has persisted in other countries, suggesting a similar trend in Colombia.
Objective. To establish the gender distribution of orthopedics and trauma residents in Colombia at three critical moments: enrollment in the selection process, admission to the specialty, and completion of the academic program and awarding of the corresponding degree.
Methodology. Cross-sectional study that analyzed the data registered between 2001 and 2021 in the National Information System for Higher Education (SNIES by its Spanish acronym) for postgraduate programs in orthopedics and trauma.
Results. In 2021, the proportion of female graduates from surgical specialties increased compared to 2001 (26.56% vs. 44.84%). Between 2007 and 2021, 16 979 people applied for postgraduate programs in orthopedics and trauma, 975 were admitted, and 702 graduated as orthopedists, with the proportion of women at each stage being 22.47%, 22.56%, and 16.80%, respectively. Furthermore, when admissions were stratified by gender, the percentage of women graduating as orthopedists was significantly lower than that of men (53.64% vs. 77.35%).
Conclusions. Despite an increase in the number of female graduates from medical specialties, women continue to have a very low participation rate in orthopedics and trauma in terms of applications, admissions, and graduation.
Downloads
References
Schiebinger L. The mind has no sex: Women in the origins of modern science. Cambridge (MA): Harvard University Press; 1991.
Eraso-Rojas LH. La mujer en la medicina colombiana. Medicina (Bogotá). 2016;38(1):73-81. 3. Botero-Rodríguez F, Pantoja C. La brecha de género en Acta Neurológica Colombiana. Acta Neurol Colomb. 2019;34(4):257-8. doi: https://doi.org/gx5d.
Rosselli D, Heller D. Las mujeres en la medicina colombiana. In: Rosselli-Cock DA, Otero-Forero A, Heller-Mitrani D, Calderón-Vega CP, Moreno-Luna IS, Pérez-Medina A, et al. La medicina especializada en Colombia: una aproximación diagnóstica. Bogotá: Centro Editorial Javeriano; 2000. p. 76-84.
Ministerio de Educación Nacional. Sistema Nacional de Información de la Educación Superior. Estadísticas [Internet]. Bogotá D.C.: Ministerio de Educación Nacional [cited 2023 Feb 14], Available from; https://bit.ly/2HwYHqV.
Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC). 2019 Fall Applicant, Matriculant, and Enrollment Data Tables [Internet]. Washington D.C.: AAMC; 2019 [cited 2023 Feb 14]. Available from: https://bit.ly/3ZZnms6.
Klyce W, Nhan DT, Dunham AM, EL Dafrawy MH, Shannon C, LaPorte DM. The times, they are A-changing: Women entering academic orthopedics today are choosing nonpediatric fellowships at a growing rate. J Surg Educ. 2020;77(3):564-71. https://doi.org/gx5f.
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). DANE. Censo Nacional de Población y Vivienda 2018 [Internet]. Bogotá D.C.: DANE; 2019 [updated 2022 Feb 8; cited 2023 Feb 14]. Available from: https://bit.ly/2xGeexR.
Marroquín A, Gómez-Restrepo C, Botero Bermúdez M. Una revisión temática de las expectativas de los pacientes frente a las conductas del médico. Univ Med 2020;61(3):91-103. https://doi.org/ghpz
Restrepo Miranda DA, Ortiz Monsalve LC. Aproximaciones a la estimación de la oferta y la demanda de médicos especialistas en Colombia, 2015-2030 [Internet]. Bogotá D.C.: Observatorio de Talento Humano en Salud; 2015 2019 [cited 2023 Feb 14]. Available from: https://bit.ly/3lgloEK.
Chambers CC, Ihnow SB, Monroe EJ, Suleiman LI. Women in orthopaedic surgery: Population trends in trainees and practicing surgeons. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2018;100(17):e116. https://doi.org/gq86j7.
Van Heest AE, Agel J. The uneven distribution of women in orthopaedic surgery resident training programs in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94(2):e9. https://doi.org/fzxqhr.
Blakemore LC, Hall JM, Biermann JS. Women in surgical residency training programs. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003;85(12):2477-80. https://doi.org/gx5h.
Miller EK, LaPorte D. The history of women in orthopaedic surgery and their impact on the field. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; 2014.
Huntington WP, Haines N, Patt JC. What factors influence applicants’ rankings of orthopaedic surgery residency programs in the National Resident Matching Program? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014;472(9):2859-66. https://doi.org/f6c4tr.
O’Connor MI. Medical school experiences shape women students’ interest in orthopaedic surgery. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2016;474(9):1967-72. https://doi.org/gx5n.
Rohde RS, Wolf JM, Adams JE. Where are the women in orthopaedic surgery? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2016;474(9):1950-6. https://doi.org/gx5p.
Miller EK, LaPorte DM. Barriers to women entering the field of orthopedic surgery. Orthopedics. 2015;38(9):530-3. https://doi.org/gx5j.
Lewis VO, Scherl SA, O’Connor MI. Women in orthopaedics - Way behind the number curve. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94(5):e30. https://doi.org/gx5k.
Pico K, Gioe TJ, VanHeest A, Tatman PJ. Do men outperform women during orthopaedic residency training? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2010;468(7):1804-8. https://doi.org/d42k6w.
Scherl SA, Lively N, Simon MA. Initial review of electronic residency application service charts by orthopaedic residency faculty members: Does applicant gender matter? J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2001;83(1):65-70. https://doi.org/gx5m.
Hill JF, Yule A, Zurakowski D, Day CS. Residents’ perceptions of sex diversity in orthopaedic surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013;95(19):1441-6. https://doi.org/gx5q.
Mason BS, Ross W, Ortega G, Chambers MC, Parks ML. Can a strategic pipeline initiative increase the number of women and underrepresented minorities in orthopaedic surgery? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2016;474(9):1979-85. https://doi.org/gx5s.
Hoof MA, Sommi C, Meyer LE, Bird ML, Brown SM, Mulcahey MK. Gender-related differences in research productivity, position, and advancement among academic orthopaedic faculty within the United States. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2020;28(21):893-9. https://doi.org/gx5x.
Beebe KS, Krell ES, Rynecki ND, Ippolito JA. The effect of sex on orthopaedic surgeon income. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019;101(17):e87. https://doi.org/gx5t.
Chapman TR, Zmistowski B, Purtill JJ, Chen AF. Profiles of practicing female orthopaedists caring for medicare patients in the United States. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2018;100(10):e69. https://doi.org/gx5v.
Halim UA, Elbayouk A, Javed S, Ali AM, Cullen CM. The prevalence and impact of gender bias and sexual discrimination in orthopaedics, and mitigating strategies. Bone Joint J. 2020;102-B(11):1446-56. https://doi.org/gx5w
Cannada LK. Women in orthopaedic fellowships: What is their match rate, and what specialties do they choose? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2016;474(9):1957-61. https://doi.org/gx52.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Revista Colombiana de ortopedia y traumatología
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
Derechos de autor
Los autores aceptar transferir a la Revista Colombiana de Ortopedia y Traumatología los derechos edición, publicación y reproducción de los artículos publicados. La editorial tiene el derecho del uso, reproducción, transmisión, distribución y publicación en cualquier forma o medio. Los autores no podrán permitir o autorizar el uso de la contribución sin el consentimiento escrito de la revista. Una vez firmada por todos los autores, la carta de Cesión de derechos debe ser cargada en el paso dos del envío.
Aquellos autores que tengan publicaciones en esta revista aceptan los siguientes términos:
- Los autores/as conservarán sus derechos de autor y garantizarán a la revista el derecho de primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la Licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores/as podrán adoptar otros acuerdos de licencia no exclusiva de distribución de la versión de la obra publicada (p. ej.: depositarla en un archivo telemático institucional o publicarla en un volumen monográfico) siempre que se indique la publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y recomienda a los autores/as difundir su obra a través de Internet (p. ej.: en archivos telemáticos institucionales o en su página web), lo cual puede producir intercambios interesantes y aumentar las citas de la obra publicada. (Véase El efecto del acceso abierto).
