Caracterización de pacientes con mieloma múltiple y afectación de la columna vertebral atendidos en un hospital de tercer nivel de Medellín, Colombia

Juan José Jaramillo-García; Daniela Orrego-Bustamante; Eloy Barrios-Henao; Damián Martínez-Soto

doi:10.58814/01208845.3

Authors

Juan José Jaramillo-García Universidad de Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, Specialty in Orthopedics and Trauma, Medellín, Colombia.
Daniela Orrego-Bustamante Universidad de Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, Specialty in Orthopedics and Trauma, Medellín, Colombia.
Eloy Barrios-Henao Universidad de Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, Medellín, Colombia.
Damián Martínez-Soto Universidad de Antioquia, Faculty of Medicine, Medellín, Colombia. | Hospital San Vicente Fundación, Medellín, Colombia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58814/01208845.3

Keywords:

Multiple Myeloma, Low Back Pain, Spinal Fractures, Spinal Neoplasia, Pathologic Fracture, Vertebroplasty

Abstract

Introduction: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a type of cancer that originates in plasma cells and can lead to the destruction of bone tissue. Approximately 50% of patients with this condition will experience secondary vertebral fractures.

Objective: To characterize patients with MM and spine involvement treated at a tertiary care center.

Methodology: Retrospective, descriptive study conducted using data from patients with MM and spinal involvement treated between 2014 and 2018 in a tertiary care center in Medellín, Colombia. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained. Quantitative variables are described using means and standard deviations, while qualitative variables are presented as absolute frequencies and percentages with their respective confidence interval (CI95%).

Results: The sample consisted of 109 patients, with a mean age of 63 years and a sex ratio of 1:1. In addition, 78.9% of the participants were newly diagnosed and the most frequent symptom was low back pain (47%). It was also found that an average of 5 sections (vertebral bodies) were affected, that the most frequent method of diagnosis of these lesions was tomography (62%), and that only 26% of the patients presented with some type of brain lesion. Regarding treatment, 95%, 46%, 55%, and 13% were treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, bisphosphonates, and surgery, respectively.

Conclusions: The characteristics of the sample are similar to those reported in other studies, with the exception of sex ratio. Moreover, a low frequency of surgical treatment was observed.

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