Artropatía de Charcot en el paciente diabético. Revisión de Conceptos Actuales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rccot.2020.04.013Palabras clave:
diabetes mellitus, artropatía de Charcot, pie diabético, tratamiento quirúrgico, amputación, química sanguíneaResumen
La Neuroartropatía de Charcot (NA), a pesar de ser documentada desde hace cerca 120 años, es apenas en las dos últimas décadas que su comprensión viene en incremento, dado el entendimiento en la causalidad y la relación proporcional con el incremento de la prevalencia de diabetes mellitus. Ello genera retos importantes en su tratamiento enfocado actualmente en la preservación a priori de la extremidad dada la relación de la amputación con incremento del gasto cardiaco, la perdida de calidad de vida, depresión, infección a niveles más elevados de la extremidad, incremento de costos a largo plazo para el sistema sanitario, pérdida de calidad de vida y la asociación elevada con mortalidad a 5 años incluso mayores a neoplasias tan prevalentes como de mama y colon. Aunque el diagnóstico es predominantemente clínico, el apoyo en química sanguínea, en imágenes convencionales y/o de resonancia magnética, PET/TC ayudan a diferenciar el proceso per se y la posible relación con infección subyacente. El advenimiento de cirugías reconstructivas y la compresión técnica de ellas vienen dando pistas para conseguir el objetivo de preservar la extremidad y rehabilitar a los pacientes diabético. Se hace una revisión de la literatura más reciente.
Nivel de evidencia: IV
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